What is the term for a comprehensive evaluation of environmental impacts?

The correct choice refers to a thorough process that investigates the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or action. An environmental impact study evaluates how a project might affect ecosystems, wildlife, natural resources, and human health. This study is often required by law before significant projects can proceed, as it helps to identify any potential negative effects and seeks ways to mitigate them.

The term environmental assessment also describes a process related to the evaluation of potential environmental impacts; however, it is typically broader and may not encompass all the detailed analyses done in an environmental impact study. An environmental audit focuses more on assessing a company's compliance with environmental regulations and identifying areas for improvement, rather than evaluating the impacts of specific actions or projects. An ecological survey usually involves assessing the conditions of habitats or species in a specific area rather than evaluating the broader impacts of a proposed project.